Process of purifying the exhaust gases from internal-combustion engines



June'l, 1929. J. BlLsKY PROCESS OF PURIFYING THE EXHAUST GASES FROM INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed July 15, 1927 IJuanan, 1929. J.| =;|LSKY 1,716,481

PROCESS OF PURIFYING THE EXHAUST GASES FROM INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES` Filed July 15, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented June 11, 1929. y UNITED STA JACOB BILSKY, NOW BY CHANGE F TES PffrlaNjr.4 OFFICE.

NAME .IoHN GEECCEY BILLINCsoE CHICAGO,

ILLINoIs.

PEoCEss or IUEIEYINC THE EXHAUST GAsEsFEonr INTEENAIHCOEIBSTICN ENsINEs. y

Application filed July 13,

ments over the former, 4more especially 1n providing a liquid solvent for removing sulphur containing compounds from the exhaust gases and inproviding other and more eflicien`t gas absorbing materials.

-It is accordingly, an object of this invention to provide animproved process of puritying exhaust gases.

It is -a further object of this invention to provide a combination of liquid and dry gas absorbing materials for more effectively removing the obnoxious components from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines.

It is alfurther object of this invention to provide a catalytic process for oxidizing cer-v tain of the components of the exhaust gases and to provide means for obtainingl the necessary temperatures for such oxidation.

Other and further important objects of this invention will become apparent from the s from vinternal combustlon engines. Y l

ment for-use with disclosures in the'speciiication and the appended claims taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. which illustrate the type of apparatus by which my method can be carried out.

On the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view ofva gas absorbing apparatus for use with interna-l combustion engines. r'

Figure 2 fs yan. enlarged sectional view taken on line II-II of Figure 1. y

Figure 3` is an enlarged sectional view taken on line III-III of Figure 1.

. Figure 4 is a top plan -view of an attachthe apparatus shown in Figurel. Y f

Figure 5 is Y V-V of Figure 4 with parts in elevation.

'Figure 6V is a fragmentary sectionalview of lamodiied form ofmy device.

As shown'on thedrawings: Y The reference numeral 1 indicates a-'casing for housing the gas'absorbing materials used in `my method Said -a seetional zview taken on line borate and copper oxide. I also propose to oxide and aluminum oxide.

'forpilrifying' the exhaust gases 1927. seriaiNo. 205,319. y

...if casing 1 is of generallcylindrical cross section and is formed in separate sections,"in cluding a middle section 2 'and tapered vend sections 3 and 4 adapted to be threadingly engaged with said intermediate section2. A member 5 is adapted to be secured to said end member 3 at one end and to be attached at its other end 6- to an exhaust pipe, such asy the exhaust pipe commonly found in automobiles leading'from the engine. Said member 5l comprises an intake pipe l7 having a downwardly turned elbow 8. A catch basin 9 1s adapted to be threaded upon the'lower end of said member 5 and to receive the entrained oily residues and condensate discharged from the elbow 8. A lter 10 of metallic gauze or other suitable substance is positioned above lthelower end of said elbow 8 to prevent the entrained oily residues and condensate fromV passing out of the catch basin 9 into the casing 1.l Said catch basin 9 1 s provided with a small aperture 11 to permit the condensate and other entrapped liquid to drain out of said catch basin without allowing the escape Iof substantial quantities of exhaust gases.

In, the intermediate section 2 of the casing 1, there is positioned a frame 12 supporting a plurality of hollow baiies 13 arranged in inclined staggered' relation. Said hollow balies 13 are preferably formed with walls of oraminous material 14 and contain solid substances of an oxidizing and `absorbing na ture, such. as disclosed in my co-pending apl plication,

Serial No. 166,840, filed February 9, 1927. In that' application,

-I disclosed sorbent materials, such as charcoal, cuprous` chloride, cuprous ammonium sulphate and palladium chloride; oxidlzmg agents such as sodium permanganate, boric Aacid and ferrlc oxide, together with nickel'oxide, and chlo- V'rine absorbing compounds such as hexa-y such as stannous chromate, feruse catalysts,

and nickel rous oxide and'bismuth oxide,

Since much of the gasoline used today con-.

tains y heavy suclr as tetra-ethyl lead, I provide certain chemicals capable of reacting with such commetal anti-knock compounds,

. gases.

`siderable saving is /eii' pounds to remove them .from the exhaust Sodium chromate and ,dibasic sodium phosphate are applicable for this purpose, as t ey form insoluble, non-volatile lead compoun s. Y l

An opening 15 is provided in the casing 2 for connecting theinterior of said casing to the intake manifold of the engine in order that a portion of the purified .exhaust gases ma'y be returned 'to the engine. It has been found lthat. exhaust, gases normally containv a relatively :large percentage of unburned hydrocarbon vapors, andthatif the exhaust gases are reutilized in'this manner, acon-Y dcted and also anti'- knock properties are imparted to the fuel mixture. A plug 16 normally closes said aperture 15y when the gases are not being returned to the intake manifold. At the exhaus't end of said casing section 2, there is positioned a heating element 17 enclosed Within a foraminous `cylinder 18`to prevent ignition of the exhaust gases. Said element 17 is adapted to be heated to a suitable temperature to provide the most effective conditions for carrying out the catalytic reactions. For instance, the oxidation of carbon monoxic `to carbon dioxide in the presence of nick oxide and aluminum oxide takes place most )eiiiciently at'jtemperatures of around 300o C.

A plurality of closed baiiles. 19 are provided in the end section 4 toinsure complete absorption and oxidation of the toxic ingredients of the exhaustgases. Said baiies 19 are spaced apart by means of spacing rings 20 and. completely fill the interior bore of thesection 4. After .passing through' said hollow bailles 19, which contain slmilar sorbents, oxidizing materials and catalysts to those already described, the exhaust gases are discharged into the atmosphere in a purified condition.A

- In place` of the member, I propose to use, especially when a portion of the gases are to be returned, to the engine, a suitable apparat-us indicated as a Whole by the reference numeral 21, for containing a Washing liquid 22, as shown in vFigures 4 -and 5. Said apparatus 21 comprises a plurality oil chambers 23 and 24 connected together by suitable A.

unions .25 and 26, at. different elevations. p pipe 27 leads from the exhaust Apipeof the engine tothe bottom of said chamber 23,

u -which is adapted to be'illed with a -Washing liquid 22 up to the height of the connecting pipe 28 between said chambers 23 and124. Said. pipe 28 terminates ina downwardly extending portion 29 leading .to the bottom of said chamber 24.V Said chambers 23 and 24 are provided ,with caps 30 and 31, respectively, for draining fthe wash liquid/from 'the respective chambers. A reliefvalve 32 is positioned at the end of said chamber 24 vto prevent an excess gas pressure Within said chamber. rI he exhaust gases, after passing .in a catch-basin through the Washing liquid 22, are discharged from an opening 33 to the casing 1 above described.

I have found that solvents, such as hy-v drogenated naphthalenes and the like, possess excellent properties for use as a washing liquid lin the apparatus just described.y

Tetrahydronaphthalene, While a high boil-V ing. solvent, is suitable for use in internal combustion engines, so that any vapors of the tetrahydronaphthalene carried over into the gas absorption apparatus and back to the engine through the opening 15. are not at all detrimental to the .operation of the engine.

Furthermore, sulphur-containing gases such as hydrogen sulphide are readily dissolved :by tqetrahydronaphthalene and thus removed irom the exhaust gases.

action, deposits said residues and condensates 35 positioned below saidturbine.

From the foregoin ,it will be apparent that my process of puriying the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines -contemplates the removal of oily-residues and condensates by mechanical means, the removal of sulphur-containing gases by passing the exhaust gases through a hydrogenated naphthalene, which may contain dissolved camphor, andthe absorption, oxidation and fixing of v Said `turbine 34 serves to separate the oily residues and entrained condensates from the exhaust gases, and by centrifugal other obnoxious components of the exhaust gases, including carbon monoxide, heavy metal compounds and others, by means of suitable solid materials and catalysts. My process.; also contemplates the heating of the exhaust gases tol a suitable temperature for thecarrying out of the catalytic reactions and theuse of pressure or sub-atmospheric conditions for the greater ei'ciency of the react-lons involved.

vI am aware thatnumerous details of the process may be varied through a wide range without departing from 'the principles of this invention, and I therefore do notV purpose limiting the patent granted hereon, otherwise gases, the step of removing heavy metal cm- 13.0

las

pounds luy/passing said gases through masses containing sodium chromate.

2. In the process of purifying the exhaust gases `5 preliminary step of passing said gases through from internal combustion engines, the

a Washing liquid containing hydrogenated naphtha'llene. l v

3. In -the process of purifying the exhaust gases Jrom internal combustion engines, the

10 preliminary step of passing lsaid gases through a washingliquid containing hydrogenated naphthalene and dissolved camphor.

4. In the process of puri gases from internal combustion engines, the

preliminary step of passing said gases` JIllinois.

JAcos BILSKY.V

ying the exhaust at Chicago, Cook County, 

